Minor cuts and scrapes usually don't require a trip to the emergency
room. Yet proper care is essential to avoid infection or other
complications. These guidelines can help you care for simple wounds:
- Stop the bleeding.
Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If they
don't, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. Hold the
pressure continuously for 20 to 30 minutes. Don't keep checking to see
if the bleeding has stopped because this may damage or dislodge the
fresh clot that's forming and cause bleeding to resume. If the blood
spurts or continues to flow after continuous pressure, seek medical
assistance.
- Clean the wound.
Rinse out the wound with clear water. Soap can irritate the wound, so
try to keep it out of the actual wound. If dirt or debris remains in
the wound after washing, use tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove
the particles. If debris remains embedded in the wound after cleaning,
see your doctor. Thorough wound cleaning reduces the risk of infection
and tetanus. To clean the area around the wound, use soap and a
washcloth. There's no need to use hydrogen peroxide, iodine or an
iodine-containing cleanser.
- Apply an antibiotic.
After you clean the wound, apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or
ointment such as Neosporin or Polysporin to help keep the surface
moist. The products don't make the wound heal faster, but they can
discourage infection and allow your body's healing process to close the
wound more efficiently. Certain ingredients in some ointments can cause
a mild rash in some people. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
- Cover the wound.
Bandages can help keep the wound clean and keep harmful bacteria out.
After the wound has healed enough to make infection unlikely, exposure
to the air will speed wound healing.
- Change the dressing.
Change the dressing at least daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty.
If you're allergic to the adhesive used in most bandages, switch to
adhesive-free dressings or sterile gauze held in place with paper tape,
gauze roll or a loosely applied elastic bandage. These supplies
generally are available at pharmacies.
- Get stitches for deep wounds.
A wound that is more than 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) deep or is gaping or
jagged edged and has fat or muscle protruding usually requires
stitches. A strip or two of surgical tape may hold a minor cut
together, but if you can't easily close the mouth of the wound, see
your doctor as soon as possible. Proper closure within a few hours
reduces the risk of infection.
- Watch for signs of infection. See your doctor if the wound isn't healing or you notice any redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling.
- Get a tetanus shot.
Doctors recommend you get a tetanus shot every 10 years. If your wound
is deep or dirty and your last shot was more than five years ago, your
doctor may recommend a tetanus shot booster. Get the booster within 48
hours of the injury.
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